The criteria for diagnosing acromegaly are based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence.
Clinical evidence includes the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms of acromegaly, such as enlarged hands and feet, thickening of facial features, enlargement of the tongue, and abnormal facial hair growth.
Biochemical evidence includes elevated levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in blood tests. Elevated levels of GH and IGF-1 are indicative of excessive growth hormone production in the body.
Radiological evidence includes the presence of a pituitary tumor or adenoma, which is the most common cause of acromegaly. An MRI or CT scan can be used to detect pituitary tumors.
The diagnosis of acromegaly is typically confirmed with a dynamic test to measure GH and IGF-1 levels over time. In this test, patients are given a medication to suppress GH production, and if levels of GH and IGF-1 remain elevated, it is a sign of acromegaly.
In addition, patients with acromegaly may also be tested for other hormones, as excessive GH production can lead to abnormalities in other hormones such as cortisol.
The diagnosis of acromegaly requires a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence. If any of the criteria are met, the diagnosis of acromegaly can be made. Early diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly can help to reduce the risk of serious complications and help to improve quality of life.