Anthracosis is a form of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), which is a type of lung disease caused by long-term exposure to coal dust in the air. Anthracosis is an advanced form of CWP, and is characterized by black deposits of coal dust in the lungs.
Clinical Presentation
Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest pain are common symptoms of anthracosis. In some cases, the symptoms may be mild and the patient may not notice any problems until the condition is advanced. In more severe cases, the patient may experience coughing up black sputum, which is a sign of the coal dust deposits in the lungs. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of anthracosis is usually done through a physical examination and a chest X-ray. A CT scan may also be used to diagnose the condition. A sample of sputum may be taken and tested for the presence of coal dust particles.
Treatment
The treatment for anthracosis is usually supportive care, as there is no cure for the condition. The patient may be given medication to reduce inflammation and swelling in the lungs, as well as antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the coal dust deposits from the lungs. Additionally, the patient should avoid further exposure to coal dust, as this can worsen the condition.