Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by an abnormal reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten is found in many processed foods and even in some medicines. When someone with celiac disease eats or drinks something with gluten, their body reacts by attacking the lining of their small intestine, damaging it and making it difficult to absorb essential nutrients.
What is Gluten?
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. It is also found in other grains such as spelt, kamut, farro, bulgur, and triticale, as well as in some processed foods and even medicines.
Who is at Risk for Celiac Disease?
Celiac disease is more common in people of European descent, but it can affect anyone. It is estimated that 1 in 100 people worldwide have celiac disease. People with a family history of celiac disease are at an increased risk of developing the condition.
What are the Symptoms of Celiac Disease?
The symptoms of celiac disease vary from person to person, but common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include anemia, bone or joint pain, depression, and skin rashes.
How is Celiac Disease Diagnosed?
Celiac disease is diagnosed with a combination of blood tests, a biopsy of the small intestine, and a gluten-free diet. The blood tests check for the presence of antibodies that indicate celiac disease, and the biopsy confirms the diagnosis.
How is Celiac Disease Treated?
The only treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods and drinks containing gluten. It also means being careful to avoid cross-contamination in the kitchen. Gluten-free products are available, and it is important to read labels carefully. People with celiac disease should also get regular medical check-ups and nutritional counseling.