Anemia is a common side effect of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Anemia occurs when the body does not produce enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, which are important for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
What Causes Anemia in CML?
CML is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow, where red blood cells are made. As CML progresses, the bone marrow may become overcrowded with immature white blood cells, or leukemia cells. This “crowding” can cause a decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells that can be produced, leading to anemia. Other factors that can cause anemia in CML include low levels of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid, as well as an increased rate of red blood cell destruction due to certain CML treatments.
How is Anemia Diagnosed?
Anemia in CML is usually diagnosed by a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC measures the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels in the blood. Low levels in any of these indicate anemia. The doctor may also perform other tests, such as a reticulocyte count, to determine the cause of the anemia.
How is Anemia Treated?
The treatment for anemia in CML depends on the cause. If the anemia is caused by a low level of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, the doctor may recommend supplements or an iron-rich diet. If the anemia is caused by CML treatments, the doctor may suggest a different treatment plan or a lower dose of the medication. In some cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary.
