Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental disorder that causes extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. People with bipolar disorder have periods of depression, where they feel sad, hopeless, and have low energy, as well as periods of mania, where they feel extremely energized, elated, and have racing thoughts.
Bipolar disorder is a chronic condition that affects about 1-2% of the population. It is slightly more common in women than men and usually begins in late adolescence or early adulthood. Symptoms may vary in severity over time, and people with bipolar disorder may experience periods of normal moods in between manic and depressive episodes.
During manic episodes, people with bipolar disorder may experience extreme mood swings, have high energy levels, have difficulty sleeping, and may become overly talkative or engage in risky behaviors. They may also experience delusions or hallucinations. During depressive episodes, they may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and guilt, as well as a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. They may also have difficulty concentrating, and may have thoughts of suicide.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors are thought to play a role. Treatment for bipolar disorder usually involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medication is used to manage symptoms, and psychotherapy can help people identify triggers for episodes, develop coping skills, and manage their emotions. Lifestyle changes such as regular sleep and exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding drugs and alcohol can also help to manage symptoms.
