The best test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a comprehensive evaluation that includes blood tests, a physical exam, and medical history. Blood tests can detect the presence of autoantibodies and measure the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and other blood components. A physical exam may reveal signs of anemia such as pale skin, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Finally, a review of the patient’s medical history is important to identify any other underlying conditions that could be contributing to the anemia.
Blood Tests
Blood tests are the main diagnostic tool for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A complete blood count (CBC) can provide information about the number of red blood cells and the presence of autoantibodies. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) looks for antibodies attached to the red blood cells, and a reticulocyte count measures the number of immature red blood cells.
Other tests that may be used to diagnose AIHA include a hemoglobin electrophoresis, which measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, and a serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), which looks for the presence of autoantibodies.
Physical Exam
A physical exam is important for identifying any signs or symptoms of anemia. The doctor will check the patient’s skin for signs of pallor or jaundice and listen to the heart for signs of anemia. The doctor may also check the patient’s lymph nodes for swelling.
Medical History
A review of the patient’s medical history is important to identify any underlying conditions that could be contributing to the anemia. The doctor will ask questions about any medications the patient is taking, any previous illnesses or surgeries, and any family history of autoimmune diseases. This information can help the doctor determine the cause of the anemia and guide treatment.
