The average lifespan of someone with Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is highly variable and depends on the severity and type of the disease. In cases of Early-Onset ALD, which usually presents in childhood, the average lifespan is only a few years. Late-Onset ALD usually presents in adulthood and the average lifespan is around 10 to 20 years.
In general, those with Early-Onset ALD have a much shorter lifespan than those with Late-Onset ALD due to the rapid progression of the disease. The disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of myelin, a protective sheath that surrounds nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. As the myelin is slowly destroyed, it leads to a variety of neurological problems including cognitive decline, physical disabilities, and life-threatening infections. As the disease progresses, the affected individual's lifespan can be significantly shortened.
Despite the variable nature of ALD, there are treatments available that can help slow down the progression of the disease and prolong life. These treatments include bone marrow transplants, stem cell transplants, and enzyme replacement therapy. Additionally, physical, occupational, and speech therapy can help to improve quality of life and potentially lengthen life expectancy.
Overall, the average lifespan of someone with ALD depends on the type and severity of the disease. Early-Onset ALD can result in a significantly shorter lifespan whereas Late-Onset ALD typically has a longer lifespan. However, with advances in medical treatments, those affected by ALD may be able to live longer than the average.