Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the arteries become hardened and narrowed due to a build-up of plaque in the artery walls. This build-up of plaque is caused by cholesterol, fatty substances, and other material in the blood that accumulate in the inner lining of the artery walls. This build-up of plaque causes the arteries to become rigid and narrow, reducing the flow of blood and putting the patient at risk for a variety of cardiovascular problems including heart attack and stroke.
The anatomical site for atherosclerosis is the arteries. Atherosclerosis affects any artery in the body, but it is most commonly found in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. Atherosclerosis can also be found in the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, as well as in the aorta, which is the body's main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Atherosclerosis can also be found in the smaller arteries throughout the body, such as the ones in the arms, legs, and other areas. Atherosclerosis can be caused by a number of factors, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. It is also important to note that genetics can play a role in the development of atherosclerosis.
The diagnosis of atherosclerosis involves a physical exam as well as imaging tests such as CT scans and ultrasounds. Treatment of atherosclerosis typically involves lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly. In addition, medications such as statins, anticoagulants, and anti-platelet agents can also be prescribed to help reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.