Testicular swelling or masses are lumps that form in the testicles, which are the two egg-shaped reproductive glands located in the scrotum. These lumps can be caused by a variety of issues, from infections to tumors. While some lumps can be harmless, others can be more serious, so it’s important to have any concerning lumps checked by a doctor.
Infections such as mumps and orchitis can cause testicular swelling or masses. Mumps is a viral infection that can cause swelling and pain in one or both testicles. Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles caused by a bacterial infection, such as from a sexually transmitted infection. Other infections that can cause testicular swelling or masses include epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) and prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate).
In some cases, testicular swelling or masses can be caused by tumors. Benign tumors, such as benign teratoma, can cause swelling or masses in the testicles. Benign teratoma is a type of tumor that is made up of different types of tissues, such as bone, muscle, and skin. Malignant tumors, such as testicular cancer, can also cause testicular swelling or masses.
Other causes of testicular swelling or masses include trauma, hernias, hydroceles, and varicoceles. Trauma, such as a direct blow to the testicles, can cause swelling or masses. Hernias occur when a part of the intestines protrudes through the abdominal wall into the scrotum. Hydroceles are fluid-filled sacs that form around the testicles. Varicoceles occur when the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, causing a lump to form.
If you notice a lump or swelling in your testicles, it’s important to have it checked by a doctor. While some lumps can be harmless, others can be more serious, so it’s important to get it checked out. Your doctor can perform a physical exam and may order additional tests, such as an ultrasound or biopsy, to help diagnose the cause of the swelling or mass. Depending on the cause, treatment may involve antibiotics, pain medications, or surgery.