Severe hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia that occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. It is caused by an abnormality in the immune system that causes it to mistakenly attack and destroy its own RBCs. Severe hemolytic anemia can lead to a variety of complications, including organ failure, stroke, heart attack, and even death.
Symptoms of Severe Hemolytic Anemia
Symptoms of severe hemolytic anemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but some of the most common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, pale skin, dark urine, and jaundice. Other symptoms may include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and fever.
Diagnosis of Severe Hemolytic Anemia
When diagnosing severe hemolytic anemia, doctors will typically perform a physical exam and order a complete blood count (CBC) to measure the number of RBCs and other components in the blood. They may also order a reticulocyte count to measure the number of immature RBCs in the blood. Additional tests may include a bone marrow biopsy to check for any abnormalities in the bone marrow, or a genetic test to identify any underlying genetic disorders.
Treatment of Severe Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment for severe hemolytic anemia typically involves managing the underlying cause of the condition, such as medications to suppress the immune system or steroids to reduce inflammation. If the anemia is caused by a genetic disorder, doctors may recommend a bone marrow transplant. Other treatments may include blood transfusions, medications to treat any underlying infections, and lifestyle changes to reduce stress and improve nutrition.
