Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a type of anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells by the body’s own immune system. It is a complex and serious condition that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. While the exact cause of IMHA is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells.
Symptoms of IMHA
The signs and symptoms of primary IMHA usually occur very suddenly and can include:
• Fatigue
• Pale skin
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark-colored urine
• Shortness of breath
• Rapid heart rate
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Confusion
• Weakness
Diagnosis of IMHA
If your doctor suspects that you may have primary IMHA, they will first do a physical exam and ask you about your medical history. They may then order a range of tests to confirm the diagnosis, including:
• Complete blood count (CBC): This test measures the levels of red and white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin in your blood.
• Coombs test: This test detects the presence of antibodies against your red blood cells.
• Reticulocyte count: This test measures the number of immature red blood cells in the bloodstream.
• Blood smear: This test examines the shape and size of the red blood cells under a microscope.
• Kidney and liver function tests: These tests measure the levels of certain enzymes that are released when the organs are damaged.
Treatment of IMHA
The treatment of primary IMHA depends on the severity of the condition and the overall health of the patient. Treatment usually involves a combination of medications, such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In some cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the spleen.
