Primary adrenal insufficiency type 1, commonly known as Addison’s disease, is a rare disorder caused by the destruction of the outer layer of the adrenal glands, called the adrenal cortex. The adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone that regulate the body’s metabolism, immune system, and blood pressure. When the adrenal glands are damaged, the body is unable to produce enough of these hormones, resulting in a range of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal pain, salt craving, and low blood pressure.
The cause of primary adrenal insufficiency type 1 is usually an autoimmune disorder, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. Other causes include infections such as tuberculosis and HIV, as well as cancer, surgery, medications, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis of Addison’s disease is made with blood tests and imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans.
Treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency type 1 includes daily hormone replacement therapy in the form of medications, such as cortisol and aldosterone. In addition, lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep are important to help manage symptoms. It is also important to avoid activities that can put stress on the body, such as long distance running and extreme sports.
If left untreated, primary adrenal insufficiency type 1 can lead to life-threatening complications such as shock, coma, and organ failure. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the symptoms associated with the condition. With proper treatment, it is possible to manage the condition and live a healthy life.