Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type III (APS-III) is an autoimmune disorder that affects multiple endocrine glands. It is a rare disorder and usually occurs in adults, but may sometimes occur in children. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of two or more autoimmune diseases, such as Addison's disease, Type 1 diabetes, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. APS-III is caused by immune system malfunction, which leads to the production of autoantibodies that attack and destroy the cells of the endocrine glands.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of APS-III vary depending on which endocrine glands are affected. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, weakness, headaches, nausea, and abdominal pain. Other symptoms may include decreased libido, diarrhea, muscle pain, joint pain, and hair loss.
Diagnosis
APS-III is diagnosed based on a medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests. Tests may include blood tests, urine tests, and imaging tests. Blood tests may be used to measure levels of hormones and antibodies, while urine tests can be used to measure the levels of certain hormones. Imaging tests, such as an MRI, may also be used to assess the size and shape of the affected endocrine glands.
Treatment
Treatment for APS-III is focused on managing the symptoms and improving the quality of life. Treatment typically includes hormone replacement therapy, which involves replacing the hormones that have been destroyed by the autoantibodies. Medications may also be prescribed to help reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the affected endocrine glands.
Prevention
There is currently no known way to prevent APS-III. However, it is important to be aware of any potential signs and symptoms, and to seek medical attention if any are present. It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet.