Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate normal sleep and wake cycles. It is most commonly characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). People with narcolepsy may experience episodes of suddenly falling asleep during normal waking hours, even if they have had enough sleep. Other symptoms can include vivid dreaming, sleep paralysis, and disrupted nighttime sleep.
Symptoms of Narcolepsy
The main symptom of narcolepsy is EDS, which is an overwhelming feeling of sleepiness during the day. People with narcolepsy may find it difficult to stay awake during the day, even after a full night's sleep. Other symptoms include:
• Cataplexy: a sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone that can cause the person to collapse or their facial muscles to droop.
• Sleep paralysis: a temporary inability to move or speak upon waking, or when falling asleep.
• Vivid dreams: vivid and often disturbing dreams that occur during brief arousals during sleep.
• Hallucinations: vivid, dream-like experiences that can occur while falling asleep or waking up.
Causes of Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is caused by a dysfunction of the brain's ability to regulate sleep and wake cycles. This dysfunction is caused by a lack of the chemical hypocretin, which is produced in the hypothalamus, which is a part of the brain. It is believed that this chemical helps to regulate sleep and wake cycles, but in people with narcolepsy, the production of this chemical is low. Other possible causes include genetic factors or autoimmune diseases.