Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that is caused by a problem with the body's ability to produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate the body's blood sugar levels. When someone has diabetes, their body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use the insulin properly, resulting in a buildup of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This can lead to a variety of symptoms and health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
Types of Diabetes
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the pancreas and destroys the cells that produce insulin. It usually occurs in childhood or early adulthood and is treated with insulin injections.
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin properly. It is the most common form of diabetes and typically develops in adulthood. It is usually treated with lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and sometimes with medication.
Risk Factors for Diabetes
The risk of developing diabetes can be increased by certain factors, including age, genetics, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. People who are over the age of 45, have a family history of diabetes, or are overweight are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
Prevention and Treatment
Making lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. For those who already have diabetes, treatment typically involves managing blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medication. Additionally, regular doctor visits and blood tests can help monitor the condition and prevent complications.