Hypocalcemia is a condition in which the calcium levels in the blood are lower than normal. It is usually caused by an imbalance in the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, or by a deficiency in the hormones that regulate calcium levels. Symptoms of hypocalcemia may include fatigue, muscle cramps, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, irregular heartbeat, and confusion.
Causes of Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia is usually caused by an imbalance in the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, or by a deficiency in the hormones that regulate calcium levels. Other causes of hypocalcemia include:
- Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin D or calcium in the diet
- Kidney failure or other kidney disease
- Certain medications, such as diuretics, anticonvulsants, and glucocorticoids
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Long-term use of antacids
- Severe burns
- Surgery
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Heavy alcohol consumption
Diagnosis of Hypocalcemia
The diagnosis of hypocalcemia is made by testing the levels of calcium in the blood. Other tests, such as a complete blood count and a thyroid function test, may also be done to look for signs of other conditions that may be causing the hypocalcemia.
Treatment of Hypocalcemia
The treatment of hypocalcemia depends on the underlying cause. If the cause is a nutritional deficiency, then supplements of calcium and vitamin D may be recommended. If the cause is a medical condition, then medications may be prescribed to treat the condition. In some cases, surgery may be needed to correct the underlying cause.