Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that starts in the cells that produce melanin—the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer and can be life threatening if not detected and treated early. It is the leading cause of death from skin diseases and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths.
Causes of Malignant Melanoma
The exact causes of malignant melanoma are not known, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is the most important environmental factor associated with the development of this cancer. Other factors that may increase the risk of developing melanoma include fair skin, having a family history of the disease, and having a weakened immune system.
Symptoms of Malignant Melanoma
The most common symptom of malignant melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Other signs may include a new mole or a sore that doesn't heal.
Diagnosis of Malignant Melanoma
If you have any suspicious moles or lesions, your doctor will conduct a physical examination and may order a biopsy. During a biopsy, a sample of the tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancerous cells.
Treatment of Malignant Melanoma
Treatment of malignant melanoma depends on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy. Surgery is the most common treatment and involves removing the tumor and some of the surrounding tissue. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used to kill the remaining cancer cells. Immunotherapy uses drugs to stimulate the body's own immune system to fight the cancer.
Prevention of Malignant Melanoma
The best way to prevent malignant melanoma is to protect yourself from the sun's UV rays. Wear sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 and avoid direct exposure to the sun during the peak hours of 10am to 4pm. Wear protective clothing such as long sleeves and hats, and avoid tanning beds. Regularly check your skin for any changes and have your doctor check your moles at least once a year.
