Lung cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the lungs. It occurs when cells in the lungs grow out of control and form a tumor. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women in the United States.
Types of Lung Cancer
There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC makes up about 85% of all lung cancer cases and can be further broken down into four subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma. SCLC makes up about 15% of all lung cancer cases.
Causes of Lung Cancer
The exact cause of lung cancer is not known, but there are certain risk factors that can increase a person’s chance of developing the disease. These risk factors include smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, radon exposure, asbestos exposure, and a family history of the disease.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
The symptoms of lung cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer. Common symptoms include a persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
If a person is experiencing any of the symptoms of lung cancer, their doctor will first perform a physical exam and review their medical history. They will then order tests, such as a chest X-ray, CT scan, or biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Lung Cancer
The treatment of lung cancer depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Treatment options can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
Prevention of Lung Cancer
The best way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid risk factors, such as smoking, second-hand smoke, radon exposure, and asbestos exposure. It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting regular check-ups.