Addison's disease is a rare endocrine disorder caused by the body's inability to produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. People with Addison's disease often experience fatigue, dehydration, muscle weakness, low blood pressure, and skin discoloration.
Causes of Addison's Disease
Addison's disease is caused by the destruction of the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of the kidneys. The destruction of the adrenal glands can be caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune disease, infections, certain medications, and tumors.
Diagnosis of Addison's Disease
A diagnosis of Addison's disease is made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. During the physical examination, the doctor will look for signs of low blood pressure, fatigue, muscle weakness, and skin discoloration. In addition, the doctor will use laboratory tests to measure the levels of cortisol and aldosterone in the blood. Imaging tests, such as CT scans or MRI scans, may be used to look for tumors or other abnormalities in the adrenal glands.
Treatment of Addison's Disease
Treatment for Addison's disease involves replacing the hormones that are missing. Cortisol and aldosterone are typically replaced through medication, and the dose may need to be adjusted over time. In addition, patients may need to take vitamin D and calcium supplements, as well as follow a low-salt diet. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove tumors or other abnormalities in the adrenal glands.