Jaw bone disease, also known as osteonecrosis of the jaw, is a condition that causes the jaw bones to weaken and, in some cases, die. This can lead to pain and infection, as well as other oral health problems. The condition is most often seen in people who have taken certain medications for long periods of time, such as bisphosphonates, which are commonly used to treat osteoporosis.
Symptoms of Jaw Bone Disease
Common symptoms of jaw bone disease include pain or discomfort in the jaw, difficulty opening the mouth, and loose teeth. Other signs include swelling, pus, or drainage from the gums, loose teeth, exposed bone, and numbness in the jaw or lips.
Causes of Jaw Bone Disease
The exact cause of jaw bone disease is not known, but it is believed to be linked to an overactive immune system. Factors that may increase the risk of developing jaw bone disease include:
• Taking certain medications, such as bisphosphonates, for a long period of time.
• Having cancer or undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
• Having an autoimmune disorder.
• Having a history of jaw or facial trauma or surgery.
• Having periodontal disease.
Diagnosis of Jaw Bone Disease
Jaw bone disease is typically diagnosed through a physical exam and imaging tests, such as X-rays. Your doctor may also order a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Jaw Bone Disease
The primary treatment for jaw bone disease is to reduce pain and prevent infection. This may include medications, such as antibiotics and antifungal drugs, and surgery to remove affected teeth or parts of the jawbone. In some cases, dentures or prosthetics may be used to replace missing teeth.
