Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by several types of influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can even lead to death. The flu is different from the swine flu (also known as H1N1), which is a type of influenza virus that can infect humans, pigs, and birds. While both the flu and swine flu can cause similar symptoms, swine flu is generally more severe and can lead to more complications.
Symptoms of Influenza
The common symptoms of influenza include fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms usually appear one to four days after the virus has been contracted.
Complications of Influenza
In some cases, influenza can lead to more serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections, or worsening of existing chronic medical conditions, such as asthma or congestive heart failure. It is also possible for the virus to cause brain inflammation, leading to seizures or encephalitis.
Treatment of Influenza
Treatment for influenza typically involves taking antiviral medications such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza). These medications can help reduce the severity and duration of the illness, and can also help prevent more serious complications. In addition, it is important to get plenty of rest, drink fluids, and take over-the-counter medications to help relieve symptoms.
Prevention of Influenza
The best way to prevent influenza is to get an annual flu shot. It is important to get vaccinated each year as the flu virus is constantly changing, and the vaccine may not be effective against newer strains. In addition, it is important to practice good hygiene such as washing your hands, covering your nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing, and avoiding contact with people who are sick.