Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a type of anemia that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. The cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced, leading to a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the body. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, and a rapid heartbeat. IMHA is an uncommon but serious condition that affects both cats and dogs.
Symptoms of IMHA
Common signs of IMHA may include:
• Pale gums
• Yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
• Lethargy
• Poor appetite
• Abdominal swelling
• Rapid breathing
• Weakness
• Dark urine
• Increased heart rate
• Mental dullness or confusion
Causes of IMHA
The cause of IMHA is often unknown, but it can be triggered by an underlying infection, an allergy, or a reaction to a drug or vaccine. It can also be caused by an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks itself.
Diagnosis of IMHA
Your veterinarian will perform a physical exam and ask about your pet's medical history. They may also order a complete blood count (CBC) and a biochemical profile to check for signs of anemia. Additional tests may include a urinalysis, a coagulation profile, and a clotting time test.
Treatment of IMHA
Treatment for IMHA will depend on the severity of your pet's condition. Your veterinarian may prescribe medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or antibiotics to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. They may also recommend a blood transfusion or other supportive care such as fluids and nutrition. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.
IMHA is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. If you suspect that your pet may have IMHA, it's important to seek veterinary care right away. With prompt and appropriate treatment, many pets can make a full recovery.
