Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease caused by scarring of the lungs. It is a rare lung disorder in which the tissue deep inside the lungs becomes thick and stiff, making it difficult for the lungs to exchange oxygen into the bloodstream. IPF most commonly affects adults over the age of 50.
Symptoms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
The most common symptoms of IPF are shortness of breath, a dry cough, and fatigue. Other symptoms include chest tightness, clubbing of the fingertips, and weight loss. These symptoms tend to get worse over time.
Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
The diagnosis of IPF is based on a combination of a physical exam, chest x-ray, CT scan, lung function tests, and a biopsy of lung tissue. A lung biopsy is the most reliable way to diagnose IPF.
Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
The treatment of IPF is aimed at slowing down the progression of the disease. Treatment options include medications, oxygen therapy, lifestyle changes, and surgery. Medications used to treat IPF include antifibrotic medications, pulmonary vasodilators, and immunosuppressants. Oxygen therapy helps increase the amount of oxygen that the lungs can take in. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding air pollution, and exercising can help improve symptoms. Surgery may be needed in some cases to remove scarring in the lungs.
Prognosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
The prognosis of IPF is variable and depends on the individual. Some people may experience a slow, steady decline in lung function, while others may experience rapid decline. Treatment can help slow the progression of the disease, but there is no cure.