Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). These cells are normally destroyed by the body's immune system, which mistakes them for foreign invaders. As a result, the body is unable to produce enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen and other nutrients to the body's tissues.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
The most common cause of hemolytic anemia is an inherited condition called hereditary spherocytosis. This condition causes the red blood cells to be shaped differently than normal, making them more susceptible to destruction by the body's immune system. Other possible causes of hemolytic anemia include autoimmune disorders, certain medications, infections, and exposure to toxins.
Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia
The most common symptom of hemolytic anemia is fatigue. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, pale skin, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, and an enlarged spleen or liver.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia
A doctor can diagnose hemolytic anemia by performing a physical exam and blood tests. The blood tests can measure the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and other components. The doctor may also order imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI to look for an enlarged spleen or liver.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. Treatment may include medications to suppress the body's immune system, antibiotics to treat infections, or blood transfusions if the condition is severe. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the enlarged spleen or to correct a structural defect in the red blood cells.
