Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells. It can be caused by a number of different conditions, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and genetic defects. It is most commonly associated with autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and some types of cancer.
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. This can lead to inflammation, organ damage, and tissue destruction. In some cases, the immune system can attack red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia. Some of the most common autoimmune disorders associated with hemolytic anemia are lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and some types of cancer.
Infections
Infections can also cause hemolytic anemia. Certain bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, can produce toxins that can damage red blood cells. Viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, can also cause hemolytic anemia.
Genetic Defects
Hemolytic anemia can also be caused by genetic defects. These defects can affect the structure of red blood cells or interfere with the production of red blood cells. Common genetic defects associated with hemolytic anemia include hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia.