Grade 4 avascular necrosis (AVN) is a serious medical condition in which the blood supply to the bones is interrupted. This interruption leads to death of the bone tissue, which can lead to collapse of the affected bone. It is also known as osteonecrosis or ischemic bone necrosis. AVN is most common in the hip, but can also occur in other bones such as the shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle. In grade 4 AVN, the bone has collapsed and is in the process of healing.
Causes of Grade 4 AVN
Grade 4 AVN is usually the result of compromised blood supply to the bone, which can be caused by a number of different things. Common causes of AVN include trauma, prolonged use of steroid medications, alcohol abuse, and certain diseases such as sickle cell anemia and diabetes.
Symptoms of Grade 4 AVN
The symptoms of Grade 4 AVN depend on the location of the necrotic bone. Common symptoms can include pain and swelling in the affected area, joint instability, and difficulty standing or walking.
Diagnosis of Grade 4 AVN
Grade 4 AVN is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, X-rays, MRI, and bone scans.
Treatment of Grade 4 AVN
Treatment for Grade 4 AVN typically involves medications to reduce pain and inflammation, physical therapy to reduce joint stiffness and improve mobility, and in some cases, surgery to stabilize the affected joint. In cases where the necrotic bone has completely collapsed, the only option may be joint replacement.