Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads to serious damage to the body’s major organs and systems. People with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin, or they are unable to effectively use the insulin that their body does produce. Insulin is a hormone that is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose as energy.
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day to survive. Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin dependent diabetes, is a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively. People with type 2 diabetes may be able to manage their condition through diet and exercise, but some may require oral medications or insulin injections.
The main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is the way in which the body produces or uses insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin, whereas in type 2 diabetes, the body does not use the insulin that is produced effectively. Both types of diabetes cause increased levels of blood glucose, but type 1 diabetes typically requires insulin injections, whereas type 2 diabetes may be managed through diet and exercise. Additionally, people with type 1 diabetes are generally diagnosed at a younger age than people with type 2 diabetes.