Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a group of conditions that are present at birth and are caused by structural abnormalities in the heart or the large vessels that supply blood to the heart. CHDs can range from mild to severe, and lead to lifelong problems, including heart failure, stroke, and even death.
Causes of Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease is caused by a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic Factors
Genetic factors can cause CHD in several ways. Mutations in certain genes can cause changes in the structure of the heart or its vessels, leading to CHD. In addition, certain genetic syndromes are known to cause CHD, such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors, such as the mother's exposure to certain toxins during pregnancy, can also cause CHD. In addition, certain infections, such as rubella, can increase the risk of CHD in the baby.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
CHD is often diagnosed in infancy, either through an ultrasound, during a physical examination, or through a review of the child's medical history. Treatment for CHD varies, depending on the type and severity of the condition. In some cases, medications or surgeries may be necessary. In other cases, lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, may be sufficient to manage CHD.