Cholangiocarcinoma is a type of cancer that affects the bile ducts, which are thin tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. It is also known as bile duct cancer. The cancer usually starts in the cells that line the inside of the bile ducts, but can also start in the gallbladder or other parts of the biliary system. Cholangiocarcinoma is typically found in people over the age of 60, and is more common in men than women.
The exact cause of cholangiocarcinoma is not known, but some risk factors have been identified. These include cirrhosis of the liver, infection with certain parasites, a history of bile duct inflammation (such as primary sclerosing cholangitis or chronic hepatitis B or C), and some inherited conditions. People who are exposed to certain chemicals, such as those who work in dry cleaning or rubber manufacturing industries, may also be at higher risk for cholangiocarcinoma.
The most common symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma are jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, and weight loss. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, itching, and nausea. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of imaging tests, such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as biopsies.
Treatment for cholangiocarcinoma depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient. Surgery is often the first line of treatment, but radiation and chemotherapy may also be used. In some cases, the tumor may be inoperable, and the patient may receive palliative care to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.
Cholangiocarcinoma can be a very serious and life-threatening disease, but with early diagnosis and treatment, the outlook can be improved. It is important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms, and to seek medical attention if any are present.