Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an acquired disorder in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys its own red blood cells (RBCs). It is associated with a wide variety of other conditions, such as:
Infectious Agents
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia can be triggered by certain infections, including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis C virus. It can also be caused by certain bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.
Autoimmune Disorders
AIHA is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome. It can also be triggered by certain medications, such as penicillin and sulfa drugs.
Blood Disorders
AIHA is also associated with certain blood disorders, such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and various forms of leukemia and lymphoma.
Genetic Factors
AIHA can also be caused by certain genetic mutations, such as a mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This mutation is found in some ethnic populations, such as people of African, Mediterranean, and Asian descent.
Treatments
Treatment of AIHA depends on the underlying cause. Treatment options include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and blood transfusions. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary.
