Black lung disease is an occupational lung disease that is caused by inhaling coal dust over an extended period of time. The disease is also referred to as coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and is a type of pulmonary fibrosis which involves scarring of the lung tissue. Symptoms of black lung disease include shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. In more advanced cases, the patient may experience difficulty breathing, fatigue, and an increased risk of other respiratory illnesses. The long-term effects of black lung disease can include disability, disability due to respiratory failure, and ultimately death. The only way to treat black lung disease is to limit or even completely stop exposure to coal dust, but unfortunately this is not always possible. Therefore, prevention is the best way to avoid the development of this debilitating condition.