Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image, an intense fear of gaining weight, and an aversion to food. People with anorexia often restrict their food intake and may engage in unhealthy behaviors such as binge eating, purging, or exercising excessively to prevent weight gain. It is classified as a mental health disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
The exact cause of anorexia is not known, but it is thought to be the result of a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Biological factors may include a family history of anorexia or other eating disorders, certain genetic variations that may make some people more susceptible to anorexia, and hormonal imbalances or changes during puberty. Psychological factors can include an obsession with thinness, fear of weight gain, low self-esteem, and perfectionism. Environmental factors may include societal pressures to be thin, an emphasis on beauty as a measure of self-worth, and a competitive sports or performance-based culture.
Anorexia can have serious physical and psychological consequences. Physically, people with anorexia can suffer from a wide range of health problems, including malnutrition, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, weakened bones, anemia, and heart problems. Psychologically, people with anorexia may struggle with depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
Treatment for anorexia typically involves a combination of nutritional counseling, psychotherapy, and medications. Nutritional counseling helps individuals learn how to nourish their bodies and develop healthy eating habits. Psychotherapy can help individuals address underlying emotions and issues that may be contributing to their disordered eating. Medications, such as antidepressants, may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms of anxiety and depression.