Anorectal diseases are conditions that affect the structures of the anus and rectum. Examples of anorectal diseases include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, abscesses, fistulas, anal cancer, and proctitis.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can cause itching, burning, and pain. They are caused by straining during bowel movements, sitting for long periods of time, or pregnancy. Treatment options include over-the-counter medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.
Anal Fissures
Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus or rectum. They are caused by trauma to the anus or rectum, such as straining during a bowel movement, or chronic diarrhea. Treatment options include topical medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.
Abscesses
An abscess is a collection of pus in the anal or rectal area caused by a bacterial infection. Treatment may involve draining the abscess, oral antibiotics, and in some cases, surgery.
Fistulas
A fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and another organ, such as the bladder or vagina. They can cause pain, discharge, and other symptoms. Treatment may involve antibiotics, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.
Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the cells of the anus or rectum. Treatment may involve chemotherapy, radiation, and in some cases, surgery.
Proctitis
Proctitis is inflammation of the rectum that can cause rectal pain, bleeding, and discharge. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgery.