Actinomycosis of the chest is a rare and uncommon, chronic and slowly progressive bacterial infection of the thoracic structures, mainly caused by the bacteria Actinomyces israelii. It is an intracellular bacteria that can cause a wide range of infections, such as lung and chest wall infections, mediastinitis, and pleuritis.
Actinomycosis of the chest typically presents with a slowly progressive course, and symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. Chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans can show nodular lesions, cavitations, and pleural effusions, which are signs of chest actinomycosis.
Treatment for actinomycosis of the chest is mainly medical, and involves the use of antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and macrolides. Surgery may also be recommended in some cases.
Actinomycosis of the chest is a serious condition that can lead to significant health complications if left untreated, including airway obstruction, abscess formation, and even the spread of the infection to other parts of the body. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for a good outcome.