Actinomyces israelii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that is typically found in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. It is a normal part of the oral microbiota and is usually harmless. However, it can cause infections when it gains access to the body through the skin or mucous membranes.
Actinomyces israelii is most commonly associated with actinomycosis, a chronic infection that affects the mouth, throat, lungs, and other parts of the body. It is usually caused by the inhalation or ingestion of the bacteria, which can occur when a person breathes in dust or dirt particles containing the bacteria. Symptoms of actinomycosis include fever, fatigue, chest pain, and a lump in the neck, chest, or abdomen. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and may require surgery in some cases.
Actinomyces israelii can also cause a condition known as Actinomycotic Vaginitis, which is a vaginal infection caused by the bacteria. Symptoms of this condition include vaginal discharge, pain, and itching. Treatment usually consists of topical antibiotics.
Finally, Actinomyces israelii can cause periodontal disease, which affects the gums and other structures that support the teeth. Symptoms of periodontal disease include gum inflammation, bleeding, and bad breath. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and may require surgery in some cases.