Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder caused by an excess of growth hormone (GH) in the body. It is caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain and is responsible for producing the growth hormone.
The tumor, called an adenoma, is a benign growth that produces too much GH, causing the body to produce too much of the hormone. As a result, the body grows too rapidly in adulthood. This can lead to abnormal bone, joint and organ growth, and can cause health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
The most common symptom of acromegaly is the enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features. Other symptoms include headaches, fatigue, joint pain, and excessive sweating. Acromegaly can also cause thickening of the skin, deepening of the voice, and enlargement of the tongue and lips.
Diagnosis of acromegaly is made through blood tests that measure the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans can be used to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the size and location of the tumor. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, or medication to reduce GH production. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be necessary.