Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. A dangerously low hemoglobin level is one that is below the normal range, which is generally between 11 to 18 grams per deciliter (g/dL) for adults. A hemoglobin level that is too low can cause a variety of health problems, such as anemia, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.
Causes of Low Hemoglobin
There are many possible causes of a low hemoglobin level, including:
• Blood loss: This can be caused by trauma, surgery, heavy menstrual bleeding, or an underlying medical condition such as cancer.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Not getting enough iron, folate, vitamin B12, or other essential nutrients can lead to a low hemoglobin level.
• Chronic health conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease, liver disease, and some types of cancer, can contribute to a low hemoglobin level.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as those used to treat cancer, can cause a low hemoglobin level.
Symptoms of Low Hemoglobin
The symptoms of a low hemoglobin level can vary depending on the underlying cause, but some common symptoms include:
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Pale skin
• Chest pain
• Irregular heartbeat
• Cold hands and feet
Treatment of Low Hemoglobin
Treatment for a low hemoglobin level will depend on the underlying cause. If a nutritional deficiency is the cause, then a change in diet may be recommended. If the cause is due to an underlying medical condition, then treating the condition may help to raise the hemoglobin level. In some cases, medications may be needed to raise the hemoglobin level, such as iron or vitamin B12 supplements.
