A carcinoid tumor is a type of slow-growing cancer that can originate in various places in the body, most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, appendix, small intestine, colon, rectum) and lungs. Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine tumors, meaning they originate in cells that release hormones.
Carcinoid tumors are usually small, measuring only a few millimeters to a few centimeters in size. They don't spread quickly and may not cause any signs or symptoms for many years. However, as they grow, they can cause a variety of symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, flushing of the skin, wheezing, and shortness of breath. They can also cause the overproduction of hormones, leading to conditions such as Cushing syndrome and carcinoid syndrome.
Diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor typically involves the use of imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans. A biopsy of the tumor may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for carcinoid tumors depends on the location and size of the tumor, as well as the presence of any symptoms. Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy. Some patients may be monitored with regular imaging tests without any active treatment.