Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells. It is characterized by low levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as an increase in the amount of bilirubin in the blood. It can be caused by a variety of both inherited and acquired conditions. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of blood tests, physical examination, and imaging.
Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia
The most common symptoms of hemolytic anemia are fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, dark urine, jaundice, and an enlarged spleen. Other symptoms may include joint pain, dizziness, rapid heart rate, fever, and chest pain.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia
To diagnose hemolytic anemia, a doctor will typically start by taking a medical history and performing a physical exam. They may also order blood tests to check for anemia and other markers of hemolytic anemia. These tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), a reticulocyte count, a direct antiglobulin test (DAT), a serum haptoglobin test, and a bilirubin test. Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or MRI, may also be ordered to check for an enlarged spleen or other signs of hemolytic anemia.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment for hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, treatment may be as simple as managing the symptoms with medications and lifestyle changes. In other cases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, more aggressive therapies may be needed, including transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs, and even surgery.
