When a Chiari malformation (CM) goes untreated, it can cause a variety of symptoms that can range from mild to severe. Some of the most common symptoms of an untreated CM include headaches, dizziness, neck pain, and numbness or tingling in the arms or legs. In more serious cases, people may experience difficulty speaking, swallowing, or breathing. Other symptoms include vision problems, difficulty with balance and coordination, and facial paralysis.
If left untreated, a Chiari malformation can cause a number of complications. These include hydrocephalus, a condition where cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the brain; syringomyelia, which is a cyst that forms in the spinal cord; and spinal cord compression, which can cause paralysis. In some cases, people who have an untreated Chiari malformation can also develop Chiari-related syringomyelia, which is a type of syringomyelia that results from CM.
The long-term outlook for an untreated Chiari malformation is difficult to predict. If left untreated, the condition can worsen over time and lead to more serious complications. It is important to seek medical care as soon as possible if you have any signs or symptoms of a Chiari malformation, so that treatment can be started to help manage the condition. Treatment options can include medications, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these. Early and appropriate treatment can help to reduce the severity of symptoms and complications and improve quality of life.