Hypercapnia is the medical term for an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. It occurs when the body is unable to expel enough carbon dioxide to maintain a normal balance. Hypercapnia can cause a variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, headaches, and confusion.
Breathing During Hypercapnia
When hypercapnia occurs, the body's respiratory system attempts to compensate by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. During this process, more oxygen is taken in and more carbon dioxide is expelled. This process is known as hyperventilation. Unfortunately, hyperventilation can lead to a further decrease in carbon dioxide levels, causing a condition known as hypocapnia.
Symptoms of Hypercapnia
The most common symptom of hypercapnia is shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include headaches, confusion, dizziness, fatigue, and lightheadedness. In extreme cases, hypercapnia can lead to a coma or death.
Treatment of Hypercapnia
Treatment for hypercapnia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, supplemental oxygen may be used to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. In more severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to help the body expel excess carbon dioxide. In some cases, medications or lifestyle changes may be necessary to help the body return to normal levels.
