Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, life-threatening disorder that affects the lungs, digestive system and other organs. It is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices.
The primary symptoms of CF are thick, sticky mucus that builds up in the lungs and pancreas. This mucus clogs the airways, leading to frequent lung infections that are difficult to treat. It also blocks the release of enzymes from the pancreas that are needed to digest food, leading to malnutrition and poor growth. Other symptoms include cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, salty-tasting skin, frequent lung infections, poor growth, and difficulty gaining weight.
Treatment for CF involves several approaches, including medications, nutritional management, and airway clearance therapy. Medications are usually prescribed to help thin the mucus and reduce inflammation. Nutritional management involves a high-calorie diet to help patients gain weight. Airway clearance therapy helps to clear the airways of thick mucus. This can be done through chest physical therapy, breathing exercises, or the use of a special device to help loosen and move mucus from the lungs.
In addition to medical treatment, people with CF can take steps to manage their symptoms and reduce their risk of complications. These include avoiding smoking, taking antibiotics as prescribed, and regularly exercising to help strengthen the lungs.
Though there is no cure for CF, treatments have improved over the years and many patients are able to live longer, healthier lives. With proper treatment and care, people with CF can look forward to a better quality of life.