A hemolytic reaction is a process in which red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, or lysed, by an external agent. This agent can be anything from a virus or bacteria to an immune system response, such as an autoimmune disorder. In this article, we will discuss what happens during a hemolytic reaction and how it can be prevented or treated.
Types of Hemolytic Reactions
There are two primary types of hemolytic reactions: immune-mediated and non-immune. Immune-mediated reactions occur when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies its own RBCs as foreign invaders and attacks them. Non-immune reactions occur when an external agent, such as a virus or bacteria, attacks the RBCs.
Symptoms of a Hemolytic Reaction
The symptoms of a hemolytic reaction will vary depending on the type and severity of the reaction. Common symptoms include:
• Hemoglobinuria (red or brown urine)
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
• Dark-colored urine
• Anemia
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• High body temperature
• Rapid heart rate
Diagnosis of a Hemolytic Reaction
In order to diagnose a hemolytic reaction, a doctor will likely order a blood test to check for signs of RBC destruction. They may also order a urine test to check for signs of hemoglobinuria, as well as other tests to determine the cause of the reaction.
Treatment of a Hemolytic Reaction
The treatment for a hemolytic reaction will depend on the cause and severity of the reaction. For non-immune reactions, treatment may involve the use of antibiotics or antiviral medications to fight the underlying infection. For immune-mediated reactions, treatment may involve the use of immunosuppressants or other medications to suppress the immune response. In some cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replace the destroyed RBCs.
