Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin condition characterized by thick, scaly, or crusty patches on the skin. If left untreated, up to 20% of AKs can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a type of skin cancer. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of AK, and to seek treatment for the condition as soon as possible.
Signs and Symptoms of Actinic Keratosis
The most common sign of AK is a scaly, crusty patch on the skin that is usually red, pink, or brown in color. These patches can be found on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, hands, and arms. Other signs and symptoms of AK can include:
• Thick, scaly patches of skin
• Dry, rough patches of skin
• Itching, burning, or tenderness in the affected area
• Small bumps or lumps on the skin
Diagnosis and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis
AK is typically diagnosed by a physical exam and a biopsy of the affected area. The biopsy is done to rule out other conditions that may resemble AK, such as psoriasis or eczema.
Treatment for AK depends on the size, location, and number of lesions. Options may include topical medications, cryotherapy (freezing), laser therapy, or surgery.
Risk Factors for Developing Actinic Keratosis
AK is most common in fair-skinned people who spend a lot of time in the sun. Other risk factors for developing AK include:
• Age: AK is more common in people over the age of 40.
• Exposure to UV rays: This includes direct sun exposure as well as tanning beds.
• Outdoor activities: People who spend a lot of time outdoors, such as farmers, construction workers, and landscapers, are at an increased risk of developing AK.
• Immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive medications, are more likely to develop AK.
Prevention of Actinic Keratosis
The best way to prevent AK is to protect your skin from the sun’s UV rays. This includes wearing sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 when outdoors, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds.