Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a condition in which a part of the brain, called the cerebellar tonsils, is located lower than usual. If left untreated, CM1 can lead to a number of serious complications, including headaches, difficulty swallowing, balance problems, numbness or tingling in the arms and legs, and trouble with coordination.
Signs and Symptoms of CM1
The most common symptom of CM1 is a headache that gets worse when bending the neck forward. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, dizziness, balance problems, numbness or tingling in the arms and legs, and trouble with coordination.
Complications of CM1
When CM1 is left untreated, it can lead to a number of serious complications, including:
• Hydrocephalus: this is an accumulation of fluid in the brain, which can cause increased pressure in the skull and lead to brain damage.
• Syringomyelia: this is a condition in which a fluid-filled cavity forms within the spinal cord, which can cause pain, weakness, and stiffness in the arms and legs.
• Spinal cord compression: this occurs when the cerebellar tonsils are pushing down on the spinal cord, causing pain, weakness, and tingling.
Treatment for CM1
The goal of treatment for CM1 is to reduce the symptoms and prevent any possible complications. Treatment may involve medications, physical therapy, and surgical interventions. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the cerebellar tonsils and relieve the pressure on the brain and spinal cord.