Physical Changes
Within two hours of death, the body begins to experience physical changes. Immediately after death, the body loses most of its warmth as blood stops circulating. Rigor mortis, or stiffening of the body, then sets in, usually within 2-4 hours after death. As the body continues to cool, the muscles and joints become stiff and a waxy substance called adipocere forms on the skin, giving it a grayish-white color.
Decomposition
Decomposition begins within minutes after death. Bacteria in the body begin to multiply and feed on the body's tissues, resulting in the release of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. These gases cause bloating and a foul odor, which can attract insects and other scavengers. As the body continues to decompose, the skin and underlying tissues break down, and the organs liquefy.
Funeral Preparation
If the decedent is to be buried or cremated, the body must be prepared for the funeral. This usually involves embalming, which slows the decomposition process. Embalming may involve draining the body of fluids and pumping it full of preservatives and disinfectants. The body is then typically dressed and placed in a coffin.