Albinism is a rare, non-contagious, genetically inherited condition that occurs in all racial and ethnic groups. It is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. Albinism affects both males and females equally and is found throughout the world in all ethnic groups and cultures.
What Causes Albinism?
Albinism is caused by a mutation in the genes that produce the pigment melanin. Melanin is responsible for the color of the skin, hair, and eyes. People with albinism have a reduced amount of melanin, resulting in their light skin, hair, and eyes.
What Are the Symptoms of Albinism?
People with albinism typically have very light skin, hair, and eyes. They may also have vision problems, including a tendency to be near- or farsighted, and difficulty seeing at night. Additionally, they are at an increased risk of skin cancer due to their lack of melanin.
How Is Albinism Diagnosed?
Albinism is typically diagnosed at birth or soon after. A physical examination and genetic testing can help to confirm the diagnosis.
How Is Albinism Treated?
There is no cure for albinism, but there are treatments available to help manage its symptoms. These include vision therapy, sunscreen, and protective clothing. Additionally, individuals with albinism can benefit from support groups and counseling to help them cope with the social and emotional challenges associated with the condition.