Drugs that block reuptake, also known as reuptake inhibitors, are medications that bind to the transporters that are responsible for reabsorbing neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron following their release. By blocking these transporters, reuptake inhibitors allow neurotransmitters to remain active in the synaptic cleft, thus increasing the amount of neurotransmitter available to bind to the postsynaptic neuron.
Common drugs that block reuptake are antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). These medications block the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine, resulting in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. This increase in available neurotransmitters can reduce the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other conditions.
Other drugs that block reuptake include anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin, pregabalin, and lamotrigine, which block the reuptake of GABA, glutamate, and other neurotransmitters. These medications are used to treat seizures and other neurological conditions.
Finally, drugs that block reuptake can also be used to treat opioid addiction. Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist that binds to opioid receptors and partially activates them. It also blocks the reuptake of other opioids, resulting in decreased opioid levels in the synaptic cleft and reduced opioid effects. This can help to reduce cravings and prevent relapse.