Vertigo is a type of dizziness, where a person experiences a sensation of spinning or whirling. It is also described as a feeling of imbalance or unsteadiness. Vertigo is usually a symptom of an underlying condition and is not a diagnosis in itself. It is a sensation that can be triggered by a variety of conditions, ranging from inner ear infections and diseases to neurological conditions.
Inner ear infections and diseases are the most common cause of vertigo. These include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, Meniere’s disease, and labyrinthitis. BPPV is the most common form of vertigo and is caused by a displacement of small particles in the inner ear. It can be triggered by rapid head movements or changes in position. Vestibular neuritis is caused by an inflammation or infection of the vestibular nerve, resulting in dizziness and vertigo. Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. Labyrinthitis is an inner ear infection that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and problems with balance.
Neurological conditions can also cause vertigo. These conditions include stroke, multiple sclerosis, migraine, and traumatic brain injuries. Strokes can damage the brain, leading to vertigo. Multiple sclerosis can cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in vertigo. Migraine headaches can often cause vertigo as a symptom. Traumatic brain injuries can also lead to vertigo.
Vertigo can also be caused by a variety of other conditions, including psychological conditions such as anxiety and panic attacks, low blood pressure, and medication side effects.
Vertigo can be a very uncomfortable and disorienting experience. Symptoms of vertigo can include dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and difficulty concentrating. Treatment for vertigo typically involves identifying and treating the underlying condition. Treatment can include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as avoiding certain movements or positions that can trigger vertigo.