The WBC test, also known as a complete blood count (CBC) test, is a common blood test used to measure the number of white blood cells in the body. White blood cells play an important role in the body's defense against infection and disease. The WBC test can help doctors diagnose and monitor a range of conditions, including infections, anemia, and leukemia.
What Does the WBC Test Measure?
The WBC test measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. White blood cells are part of the body's immune system and help fight off infections and other diseases. A normal WBC count is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter (µL) of blood.
What Are the Different Types of White Blood Cells?
There are five different types of white blood cells: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell and play an important role in fighting off bacterial infections. Basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes are less common and have specific roles in the body's defense against infection. Lymphocytes are the least common type of white blood cell and are involved in the body's immune response to viruses and other foreign substances.
What Do Abnormal WBC Test Results Mean?
Abnormal WBC test results can indicate a variety of conditions, including infections, anemia, and leukemia. An infection can cause an increase in white blood cell production, while anemia can cause a decrease. Leukemia is a type of cancer that causes an increase in white blood cells.
What Are the Risks of the WBC Test?
The WBC test is a safe and painless procedure with minimal risks. The most common risk is a mild bruise at the injection site. Other risks include infection and allergic reactions. Your doctor will discuss any potential risks with you before the test is performed.